A comprehensive collection of tools, glossaries, and references designed to support interpreters across medical, legal, and educational settings. Explore terminology guides, simultaneous and consecutive interpreting exercises, certification organizations, and more—all curated to enhance accuracy, professionalism, and confidence in every assignment.
A quick-reference guide to commonly used slang terms in legal settings. Understand the informal expressions that might come up in conversations, client interactions, or courtroom talk.
A-game – The best level of performance.
Ace – Excellent or very good.
Adulting – Behaving in a responsible, mature manner.
AF – As F***, emphasizing intensity or agreement.
All ears – Listening attentively.
Baller – Someone who’s successful or affluent.
Basic – Conforming to mainstream trends.
Bet – Agreement or confirmation.
Binge-watch – Watching multiple episodes of a TV series in one sitting.
Boujee – High-class or luxurious.
Cap – Lie or exaggeration.
Catch some Zs – Get some sleep.
Chill – Relax or calm down.
Clout – Social influence or popularity.
Cray – Crazy or wild.
Curve – Reject someone romantically.
Dead – Extremely funny or exhausted.
Dime – Attractive person.
DM – Direct Message.
Dope – Cool or excellent.
Down for the count – Unable to continue.
Extra – Overly dramatic or excessive.
Facepalm – Expression of frustration or disbelief.
FOMO – Fear of missing out.
Lit – Exciting or lively.
Litty – A variation of “lit,” indicating something is exciting.
Low-key – Secretive or discreet.
Noob – Inexperienced person.
NVM – Never mind.
On fleek – Perfect or flawless.
Peeps – People or friends.
POG – Play of the game (gaming term).
Ratchet – Low-class or vulgar.
Red-eye – Overnight flight.
Salty – Bitter or resentful.
Shade – Disrespect or insult.
Ship – Support a romantic pairing of two people.
Sip tea – Mind one’s own business.
Skeptic – Someone who doubts or questions.
Skrrt – Sound of tires screeching or leaving quickly.
Slam dunk – Sure thing or guaranteed success.
Slay – Excel or dominate.
Snap – Lose control or act in anger.
Snitch – Informer or tattletale.
Squad – Close group of friends.
Stan – A devoted fan.
Stoked – Excited or enthusiastic.
Sus – Suspicious or shady.
Swag – Stylish and confident demeanor.
Thicc – Curvy or voluptuous.
Throw shade – Criticize or insult discreetly.
Throwback – Nostalgic reminiscence.
TMI – Too much information.
Totes – Totally or completely.
Triggered – Strong emotional reaction.
Trill – True and real.
Turn up – Get excited or energetic.
Vibe – Atmosphere or mood.
Vibing – Feeling good or in harmony.
Wavy – Cool or unique.
WDYT – What do you think?
Woke – Socially aware or enlightened.
Yaaas – Expression of excitement or agreement.
Yeet – Expressing excitement or throwing something forcefully.
YOLO – You only live once.
Zaddy – Attractive or stylish man.
Zonked – Extremely tired or exhausted.
86 – Cancel or get rid of.
411 – Information or details.
420 – Refers to cannabis or April 20th.
5-0 – Police.
9-5 – Regular work hours.
8-ball – Trouble or a tricky situation.
7-11 – Convenience store.
86 – Cancel or eliminate.
A concise list of essential medical abbreviations. Perfect for interpreters and professionals needing a clear grasp of common shorthand used in clinical and healthcare environments.
Abbreviation – Meaning
abd – abdomen
abnl – abnormal
abx – antibiotics
ac – before meal (Latin:ante cibum)
acb – before breakfast
ad lib – as needed
adm – admission, admitted
am – morning
AMA – against medical advice; or American Medical Association
anes – anesthesia
ANGIO – Angio, Angiogram, Angiography
appt – appointment
appy – appendectomy
as tol – as tolerated
ASAP – as soon as possible
BF – breast feeding
bid – twice a day (Latin: bis in die)
BILI – bilirubin
bm – bowel movement
BOW – bag of water
BP – blood pressure
bx – biopsy
c – with
C – Centigrade, Celsius
c or o – with
c/o – complains of
C/S – cesarean section
C02 – carbon dioxide
ca – about
Cap – capsule
CAT – CAT scan
CBC – complete blood count
CC – chief complaint
cc – with meal (Latin: cum cibum)
chol – cholesterol
Circ – Circulation
COPD – chronic obstructive pulmonary
CPR – cardiopulmonary resuscitation
CT Scan – computerized axial tomography scan
CVA – cerebrovascular accident
cx – cervix
CXR – chest x-ray
d – day
D & C – dilation and curettage
d/c – discontinue or discharge
d/t – due to
dau – daughter
DFCS – Dept. of Family & Children Services
diab – Diabetes
disch – discharge
DNR – do not resuscitate
DOA – dead on arrival
DOB – date of birth
dx – diagnosis
dz – disease
Echo – Echocardiogram
ED – Emergency Department
EDD – estimated date of delivery
EEG – electroencephalogram
EKG – electrocardiogram
ENT – ears, nose and throat
epid – Epidural, Epidermal
ER – emergency room
Et – and
EVAL – evaluation
EX – exercise
F – Fahrenheit
f/u – follow up
Fb – foreign body
FH – family history
FL – Fluid
Fx – Fracture
GB – gallbladder
GH – Growth Hormone
GI(s) – gastrointestinal (series)
Glu – Glucose
gtt – a drop (eye drop) (Latin: gutta)
GU – genitourinary
GYN – gynecology
h – hour
H & P – history and physical
h/o – history of
H2O – water
H2O2 – hydrogen peroxide
HA – headache
HBP – high blood pressure
HR – heart rate
hr – hour
hs – at bed time (Latin: hora somini)
Ht – height
HX – history
ICU – Intensive Care Unit
IDDM – insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
IM – intramuscular
inf – infection
IUD – intrauterine device
IV – intravenous
IVF – IV fluids
kg – kilogram
L – left
Lab – laboratory
Lac – Laceration
LBP – Low Back Pain
LMP – last menstrual Period
LOC – loss of consciousness
LP – lumbar puncture
M – male
max – maximum
med – medication
Meds – medicines
mg – milligram
ml – milliliter
mm – millimeter
MN – midnight
mo – month
MRI – magnetic resonance imaging
MVA – motor vehicle accident
N – nausea
n – night
N&V – nausea and vomiting
NB – newborn
NICU – Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
NKA – no known allergies
NPO – nothing by mouth
NTG – nitroglycerin
o – oral
O2 – oxygen
occ – occasionally
od – right eye (Latin: oculus dexter)
opt – optional
OR – operating room
os – left eye (Latin: oculus sinister)
ou – both eyes (Latin: oculi uterque)
P – after
P+ – pain
PAP – Primary Atypical Pneumonia
Pap – Papanicolaou, smear test
pc – after meal (Latin: post cibum)
pcp – primary care physician
PE – physical exam
Ped – pediatric
pg – Pregnant
pm – afternoon
PMH – past medical history
PMS – premenstrual syndrome
po – by mouth (Latin: per os)
poss. – Possible
Post-op – postoperative (after surgery)
PP – post-partum
preop – preoperative
prn – as needed (Latin: pro re nata)
PT – physical therapy
Px – patient
q – every, each
q3h – every 3 hours (Latin: quaque 3 hora)
qam – every morning
qd – every day (Latin: quaque die)
qh – every hour
qid – four times a day (Latin: quarter in die)
qnoon – every noon
qod – every other day
qpm – every evening
R – right
R/O – rule out
RBC – red blood cells
RN – Registered Nurse
Rx – prescription
s – without
s or – without
s/s – signs and symptoms
sc/sq – subcutaneous
SOB – shortness of breath
SS# – social security number
STAT – immediately
SW – social work
Sx – symptoms
T or To – temperature
tab – tablet
TB – tuberculosis
TBA – to be admitted
tbsp – tablespoon
Temp – temperature
tid – three times a day (Latin: ter in die)
tsp – teaspoon
TX – treatment
UA – urinalysis
UGI – upper gastrointestinal
URI – upper respiratory tract infection
US – ultrasound
ut dic – as directed
UTI – urinary tract infection
V & D – Vomiting and Diarrhea
VBAC – vaginal birth after cesarean
VD – venereal disease
vs – vital signs
w/ – with
W/C – Workman’s Comp
w/o – without
W/U – work up
WBC – white blood cells
wk – week
wt – weight
x1 or 1x – once, one time
x2 or 2x – twice, two times
XR – x-rays
Y/O – year old
yr – year
Note: many of these abbreviations are not allowed in the medical record for patient safety reasons (per The Joint Commission). They should only be used by Healthcare Interpreters for the purposes of personal note taking.
A helpful list of general symbols and their meanings, often used in medical, scientific, and technical contexts. Use this guide to quickly interpret commonly seen shorthand in notes, charts, and reports.
♂ | male |
♀ | female |
= | equal |
+ | positive |
– | negative |
↑ | Increase |
↓ | Decrease |
∆ | Change |
R | Right |
L | Left |
x | times or multiply |
> | greater than |
< | less than |
“ | inch |
# | pound |
How do you remember? Are you a visual or a verbal learner. neither or both? If you forget something you have heard, try to understand what prevented you from storing or retrieving the information.
Your short-term memory (STM) capacity is normally limited to between five and nine bits of information, i.e. units of memory and your ability to recall depends on how well you can organize what you have heard by finding patterns in what you hear. Have someone read a series of numbers to you. As soon as you are able to repeat seven unrelated numbers accurately, do the same thing but repeat the numbers backwards. You must be able to retain the whole series of seven numbers in your short-term memory in order to say them backwards.
Increase your analytical skills by reading a newspaper or magazine. After each story, try to summarize what you read in a single sentence. Do this in all your working languages.
Try this same exercise after listening to a news report or a radio or television talk show. Summarize the main idea in a single sentence.
Have someone record newspaper or magazine articles for you to use in the exercises below, or record talk or interview programs from the radio or television. Limit yourself to non-technical material. Do not record the news, because the newscaster reads from a prepared script. Record increasingly longer texts as your skills improve. You will only repeat the information you hear in the same language, not interpret it.
Listen to the passage without taking notes and try to repeat as much as possible.
Listen to the passage and take down “key words” to help you remember the content. Then repeat as much information as possible. Compare the results you achieved by taking notes with those without note-taking. Which one worked best for you?
Listen to the passage and try to repeat it verbatim with or without notes.
Try condensing the passage into a few meaningful units, while keeping in mind that your STM can handle only between five and nine bits of information. Organize the information into groups, e.g. if a person were to list the schools she had attended and the subjects studied, you could group the schools by location and the subjects studied by topic. Numbers can be grouped in the way people recite phone or social security numbers, in groups of two, three or four, rather than as a string of unrelated numbers. Please note that, when interpreting testimony, the speaker’s word sequence should remain as spoken except to accommodate the syntax of the target language.
Do not allow your opinions to color your rendition of a speaker’s words. The subject matter may be one about which you have strong opinions. Pay close attention to your reaction to the text while listening and maintain the same level of language (register) as the speaker.
A valuable collection of early simultaneous interpreting exercises by Robin Setton, designed to build foundational skills in active listening, reformulation, and delivery. These training materials are ideal for beginner to intermediate interpreters seeking structured practice in simultaneous interpretation.
Educational glossaries and resources for interpreting in academic and special education environments. These tools provide essential terminology related to disabilities, IEPs, and bilingual education, supporting interpreters working in school or pediatric settings.
A selection of general and subject-specific dictionaries for interpreters and language professionals. These tools help clarify word meanings and support accurate translation across various contexts, including medical and cross-cultural communication.
A curated list of key medical interpreting and translation organizations that support professional development, certification, and ethical standards in the field. These resources provide valuable information, training, and networks for medical interpreters and translators across the U.S. and beyond.
A collection of legal resources and government websites offering insight into the U.S. and Georgia judicial systems. These sites provide access to court structures, interpreter guidelines, and legal research tools essential for judiciary interpreters.
Trusted legal glossaries and dictionaries from official and educational sources. These references define complex legal terms and phrases, helping interpreters ensure precise language use in legal settings.
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